Gas Turbine Plants ...

This paper reviews the efficiency of gas turbine plants (GTPP) for power generation with emphasis on open cycle gas turbines (OCGT) and combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT). Rising global electricity demand and reliance on fossil-fuel thermal power plants have underscored the need for technologies that offer higher efficiencies, lower emissions, and improved cost-effectiveness. Gas turbines, owing to their reliability and flexibility, remain critical in electricity generation and industrial applications. The paper traces the historical development of gas turbines from early 20th century prototypes to modern high-performance units with increased pressure ratios, turbine inlet temperatures, and outputs up to 350 MW. Classification based on working cycle and component arrangement (single- versus two-shaft systems) is outlined, alongside the operational criteria for adopting OCGT or CCGT systems. Comparative analysis highlights CCGT’s superior efficiency and environmental performance, while recognizing OCGT’s lower capital costs and simpler operation. Recent research and innovations, including exergoeconomic assessments and parametric optimization, are discussed as key drivers for enhancing performance, reducing emissions, and improving fuel economy. The review concludes that integrating waste-heat recovery and combined heat and power applications can significantly enhance gas turbine efficiency, making them more environmentally sustainable and economically viable for modern power generation.