{"status":"ok","count":20,"limit":20,"offset":0,"total":109,"items":[{"id":130,"slug":"review-on-the-contaminant-fate-and-transport-in-the-environmental-system","title":"Review on the Contaminant Fate and Transport in the Environmental System","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/review-on-the-contaminant-fate-and-transport-in-the-environmental-system","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/emps.2024.6575001","published_at":"2026-09-01T22:41:29+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Studies","authors":["Afolabi Omobolaji O."],"abstract":"Upon\r\n\r\nentering the environment, chemicals are transported and distributed over the\r\n\r\nvarious environmental compartments and may be transformed into other chemicals.\r\n\r\nChemical, biological, or radiological contaminants can seep into the soil and\r\n\r\nenter groundwater, runoff into streams, or be transported through the air. The\r\n\r\nmost common pollution sources is the anthropogenic ones. This article reviews\r\n\r\nthe principles that govern the fate and transport of many classes of chemicals\r\n\r\nin three major environmental media: surface waters, soil and groundwater (the\r\n\r\nsubsurface), and the atmosphere. Soils are the highest sinks for heavy metals\r\n\r\nreleased into the environment by anthropogenic activities, while pollutants in\r\n\r\nthe environment can range from local to regional as well as transboundary as\r\n\r\npollutants capable of being transferred, dispersed, and stored in several\r\n\r\nenvironmental components. Understanding the fate of these elements when\r\n\r\nrealised in the environment is critical in their management and clean-up. The\r\n\r\ninfluence of climate and climate change on the fate of contaminants and\r\n\r\ntransport in the environment should be further reviewed and studied\r\n\r\nextensively. Future research could be addressed to either enhance the existing\r\n\r\nanalytical models or to propose new advanced ones while preserving their\r\n\r\nsuitability for engineering applications to obtain a more realistic\r\n\r\nrepresentation of contaminant fate and transport in the environment."},{"id":129,"slug":"source-apportionment-and-concentration-of-potentially-toxic-elements-in-surface-water-and-sediments-of-okulu-aleto-river-rivers-state-nigeria","title":"Source Apportionment and Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Water and Sediments of Okulu-Aleto River, Rivers State, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/source-apportionment-and-concentration-of-potentially-toxic-elements-in-surface-water-and-sediments-of-okulu-aleto-river-rivers-state-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/eeh.2026.9594001 ","published_at":"2026-08-25T22:53:49+00:00","discipline":"Physical Sciences","journal":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health","authors":["Afolabi Omobolaji O.","Hart, A. I","Nwankwoala, H. O."],"abstract":"Urbanization and industrial activities continuously introduce potentially\r\n\r\ntoxic elements (PTEs) into the terrestrial and aquatic environments, leading to\r\n\r\nvarious health-related challenges. This study evaluates the concentration of\r\n\r\nPTEs (Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Lead\r\n\r\n(Pb) and Iron (Fe)) and sources identification in the surface water and\r\n\r\nsediment of Okulu-Aleto River, Rivers State, Nigeria. Using the Atomic\r\n\r\nAbsorption Spectroscopic technique, the concentration of the studied PTEs were\r\n\r\nmonitored for 4 surface water and 3 sediment samples. The mean concentration\r\n\r\nshowed that the PTEs descended as Pb (0.126) > Cr (0.122) > Ni (0.061)\r\n\r\n> Cu (0.051) > Zn (0.039) > Cd (0.005) and all concentrations are\r\n\r\nwithin the WHO limit for surface water. The mean concentration descended as Cu\r\n\r\n(1.482) > Zn (1.215) > Cr (0.265) > Pb (0.119) > Ni ≥ Cd and all\r\n\r\nconcentration are within the WHO limit except Cr across all sampling points and\r\n\r\nCu at the upstream sampling point. Multivariate statistical analyses, including\r\n\r\nPearson Correlation Coefficient and Principal Component Analysis, identified\r\n\r\nboth lithogenic and anthropogenic sources, with industrial discharges,\r\n\r\nwastewater inputs, and sand mining activities contributing significantly to\r\n\r\ncontamination. Strong positive loadings of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb indicated shared\r\n\r\nanthropogenic origins, while variations in Fe and Zn suggested mixed sources.\r\n\r\nContinuous monitoring and integrated pollution management strategies are\r\n\r\ntherefore recommended to safeguard ecosystem integrity and public health."},{"id":128,"slug":"cultural-competence-and-palliative-care-quality-an-assessment-of-social-work-counsellors-in-port-harcourt-nigeria","title":"Cultural Competence and Palliative Care Quality: An Assessment of Social Work Counsellors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/cultural-competence-and-palliative-care-quality-an-assessment-of-social-work-counsellors-in-port-harcourt-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/aarb.2026.9586005 ","published_at":"2026-08-20T23:32:32+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Advance African Research Bulletin","authors":["Victor-Ochonma R. C.","Ekechukwu, R. O","Akani, Y"],"abstract":"This study examined cultural competence and palliative care quality: an\r\n\r\nassessment of social work counsellors in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\nThe study adopted a Correlational Research Design. The study population\r\n\r\ncomprises professional social workers and counsellors involved in palliative\r\n\r\ncare and psychosocial support within selected healthcare institutions in Port\r\n\r\nHarcourt. Sample size of 127 was determined using the Taro Yamane formula,\r\n\r\nwhile purposive sampling was used to select participants who met the specified\r\n\r\ninclusion criteria. Data was collected using structured and standardized\r\n\r\ninstruments designed to measure cultural competence and the quality of\r\n\r\npalliative care delivery. The data was analyzed using simple linear regression\r\n\r\nanalysis which revealed that the unstandardized coefficient for cultural\r\n\r\ncompetence was 0.023, indicating minor potential increase in the quality of\r\n\r\npalliative care per unit increase in cultural competence. The standardized\r\n\r\ncoefficient (Beta) of 0.024 indicated a weak positive relationship further\r\n\r\nunderscores the minimal impact. Though the positive impact is minimal, cultural\r\n\r\ncompetencies is still an essential requirement for effective palliative care\r\n\r\npractice particularly in diverse cultural contexts and provided evidence on the\r\n\r\nneed to integrate cultural competence training into broader professional\r\n\r\ndevelopment programs to maximize its impact in delivering personalized care in\r\n\r\npalliative settings. Ultimately, the study provided useful recommendations for\r\n\r\nimproving cultural competence, which involves understanding and respecting\r\n\r\npatients' diverse backgrounds which is crucial in delivering personalized care\r\n\r\nand enhancing the quality and effectiveness of palliative care services in\r\n\r\nNigeria."},{"id":127,"slug":"customary-inheritance-and-lineage-systems-implications-for-women-s-property-rights-in-ekpeyeland-rivers-state-nigeria","title":"Customary Inheritance and Lineage Systems: Implications for Women's Property Rights in Ekpeyeland, Rivers State, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/customary-inheritance-and-lineage-systems-implications-for-women-s-property-rights-in-ekpeyeland-rivers-state-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/cam.2026.6583005","published_at":"2026-08-20T22:51:45+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Carl Advance Multidisciplinary","authors":["Menney-Amgbare Sarah Hope C.","Onyige, C. D.","Gbenemene, K"],"abstract":"This\r\n\r\nstudy investigated how customary inheritance and lineage systems influence\r\n\r\nwomen's property rights in Ekpeyeland, Rivers State, Nigeria, amid persistent\r\n\r\ngender disparities despite constitutional protections. Specifically, the study\r\n\r\nassessed the nature of these systems, their impact on women's property\r\n\r\nownership, the resulting socio-economic implications, and strategies for\r\n\r\nequitable reform. Employing a descriptive survey design, the study utilized a\r\n\r\nmultistage sampling procedure to select 400 stakeholders from a target\r\n\r\npopulation of 583,900 using the Taro Yamane formula. Data collected through\r\n\r\nstructured questionnaires and key informant interviews were analyzed using\r\n\r\ndescriptive statistics and Chi-square tests at a 0.05 significance level. The\r\n\r\nfindings revealed that customary and patrilineal systems remain the dominant\r\n\r\ndeterminants of property ownership, significantly restricting daughters and\r\n\r\nwidows due to entrenched patriarchal norms. This lack of ownership negatively\r\n\r\nimpacts women’s economic empowerment, agricultural productivity, and household\r\n\r\ndecision-making. While education and judicial decisions have sparked gradual\r\n\r\nprogress, customary institutions still hold substantial sway. The study\r\n\r\nconcluded that protecting women's property rights requires harmonizing\r\n\r\ncustomary practices with constitutional principles of equality. It recommends\r\n\r\nreviewing discriminatory customs, enhancing legal literacy for women,\r\n\r\nstrengthening judicial enforcement, and fostering collaboration among\r\n\r\ngovernment agencies, traditional rulers, and civil society organizations."},{"id":126,"slug":"diversity-and-distribution-of-clam-species-in-the-creeks-of-the-niger-delta-nigeria","title":"Diversity and Distribution of Clam Species in the Creeks of the Niger Delta, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/diversity-and-distribution-of-clam-species-in-the-creeks-of-the-niger-delta-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/ehs.2026.8516001","published_at":"2026-07-22T23:01:34+00:00","discipline":"Life Sciences","journal":"Eco-Health and Sustainability","authors":["Wisdom U. G.","Menibaa, Igwe Nwaudo","Oghanri, Sunday Ubochi"],"abstract":"Clams (Bivalvia) are key\r\n\r\ncomponents of estuarine ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling, sediment\r\n\r\nstabilization, and overall benthic biodiversity. This study investigated the\r\n\r\ndiversity and distribution of clam species in selected creeks of the Niger\r\n\r\nDelta, Nigeria, and examined the influence of environmental parameters on\r\n\r\nspecies composition. Eight clam species Abra\r\n\r\nprofundorum, Adontorhina keegani, Bornia sebetia, Mytilus edulis, Mactra\r\n\r\nstultorum, Mendicula ferruginosa, Ervilia castanea, and Hemilepton nitidum were\r\n\r\nsurveyed across five sampling stations. Diversity indices including Species\r\n\r\nRichness (S), Shannon-Wiener Index (H′), Simpson’s Dominance Index (D), and\r\n\r\nEvenness (E) were computed. The Shannon index ranged from 1.85 to 2.02, with\r\n\r\nevenness values between 0.89 and 0.97, indicating moderate diversity with\r\n\r\nslight dominance by Mytilus edulis in lower creek stations. Analysis of\r\n\r\nvariance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in species diversity among\r\n\r\necological zones (F = 6.72, p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a\r\n\r\nstrong negative correlation between salinity and diversity (r = −0.96, p <\r\n\r\n0.01) and a strong positive correlation between dissolved oxygen and diversity\r\n\r\n(r = 0.94, p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses including Principal Component\r\n\r\nAnalysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis identified salinity as the\r\n\r\nprimary environmental driver, with stations clustering according to ecological\r\n\r\nzones reflecting environmental gradients. The findings demonstrate that clam\r\n\r\ndiversity in the Niger Delta creeks is significantly influenced by salinity and\r\n\r\noxygen availability, highlighting the importance of monitoring environmental\r\n\r\nchanges to ensure sustainable management of benthic resources."},{"id":125,"slug":"enhancing-national-security-through-prospective-countermeasures-to-terrorism-in-nigeria","title":"Enhancing National Security Through Prospective Countermeasures to Terrorism in Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/enhancing-national-security-through-prospective-countermeasures-to-terrorism-in-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/cam.2026.6583004","published_at":"2026-07-07T08:36:46+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Carl Advance Multidisciplinary","authors":["Lekara T. D","Nna Daniel, C.","Alabi O. A."],"abstract":"All\r\n\r\nover the world, terrorism is a global condemnable crime committed by a loner or\r\n\r\ngroup of persons in other to cause chaos, civil unrest and destructions.  In Nigerian, this criminal act has long been\r\n\r\nin existence but became a national emergency situation since July 2009 as\r\n\r\ndocumented. Since then, the government of Nigeria has been battling this\r\n\r\nrebellious militant armed group which was formed with various ideology and\r\n\r\nmission against the state of Nigeria. In other for the government of Nigeria to\r\n\r\ntackle this menace, a federal law was enacted cited as the Terrorism Prevention\r\n\r\nand Prohibition Act, 2022, which provide detailed legal document for punishment\r\n\r\nof acts of terrorism and its financing. \r\n\r\nThis paper seeks to proffer tri-state countermeasures to dislodge\r\n\r\nterrorism in activities the country, evaluate and analyzed some documented\r\n\r\nterror activities obtained from newspaper publication, published journals by\r\n\r\nscholars, and other related trusted data sources.  The study results show in recent times\r\n\r\nterrorist activities continue to thrive most especially in the Northern part of\r\n\r\nNigeria despite national policies criminalising terrorist activities and\r\n\r\ncurrent state of security measures put in place for rapid response to crime\r\n\r\nscene seem not to be effective in combatting terrorist. This paper has put\r\n\r\nforward preventive mechanism, adoptable strategies and non-biased recommendation\r\n\r\nfor eradicating terrorism in Nigeria."},{"id":124,"slug":"assessment-of-the-influence-of-police-salary-structure-on-deviant-behaviour-among-officers-of-the-rivers-state-police-command-in-nigeria","title":"Assessment of the Influence of Police Salary Structure on Deviant Behaviour among Officers of the Rivers State Police Command in Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/assessment-of-the-influence-of-police-salary-structure-on-deviant-behaviour-among-officers-of-the-rivers-state-police-command-in-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/aarb.2026.9586004 ","published_at":"2026-07-07T07:34:30+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Advance African Research Bulletin","authors":["Henry I. A.","Anele K. A.","Samuel, K. P."],"abstract":"Salary structure is a critical component of employee welfare and an\r\n\r\nimportant determinant of motivation, job satisfaction, and organizational\r\n\r\nbehaviour. Within law enforcement agencies, an adequate and equitable salary\r\n\r\nstructure is expected to promote professionalism, ethical conduct, and\r\n\r\nworkplace discipline while reducing the likelihood of misconduct among\r\n\r\nofficers. However, inadequate remuneration and perceived inequities in salary\r\n\r\nadministration may create financial stress and dissatisfaction that encourage\r\n\r\ndeviant behaviours such as bribery, extortion, abuse of power, absenteeism, and\r\n\r\ncorruption. This study examines the influence of the police salary structure on\r\n\r\ndeviant behaviour among police officers in the Rivers State Command of the\r\n\r\nNigeria Police Force. Specifically, the study investigates the extent to which\r\n\r\nsalary levels and compensation practices affect officers' professional conduct\r\n\r\nand adherence to ethical standards. The study adopts a descriptive survey\r\n\r\nresearch design and is anchored on Equity Theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of\r\n\r\nNeeds Theory, which emphasize the relationship between employee welfare and\r\n\r\nworkplace behaviour. It is expected that a fair and competitive salary\r\n\r\nstructure will reduce financial pressures, improve job satisfaction, strengthen\r\n\r\norganizational commitment, and discourage deviant behaviour among officers.\r\n\r\nConversely, inadequate salary structures may increase the propensity for\r\n\r\nunethical practices that undermine public confidence and organizational effectiveness.\r\n\r\nThe study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between police\r\n\r\nremuneration and deviant behaviour and offers policy recommendations for\r\n\r\nstrengthening personnel welfare and improving professionalism within the Rivers\r\n\r\nState Police Command."},{"id":123,"slug":"social-consequences-of-crude-oil-theft-on-host-communities-and-security-in-nigeria","title":"Social Consequences of Crude Oil Theft on Host Communities and Security in Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/social-consequences-of-crude-oil-theft-on-host-communities-and-security-in-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/cam.2026.6583003","published_at":"2026-07-02T09:52:21+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Carl Advance Multidisciplinary","authors":["Ajuluchukwu E. C","Elenwo, E. I.","Iwuoha, S. E"],"abstract":"This\r\n\r\nstudy evaluated the social consequences of crude oil theft on host communities\r\n\r\nand security in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on its relationship with\r\n\r\nviolence and insecurity. A quantitative research design was adopted, utilizing\r\n\r\nboth primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through a\r\n\r\nstructured questionnaire administered to 400 respondents selected from\r\n\r\noil-producing communities, while secondary data on petroleum revenue were\r\n\r\nsourced from relevant government agencies for the period under review.\r\n\r\nDescriptive statistics, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and inferential\r\n\r\nstatistical techniques were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed\r\n\r\nthat 82.5% of the respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that crude oil\r\n\r\ntheft significantly contributes to violence and insecurity in host communities,\r\n\r\nwhereas only 17.5% expressed contrary opinions. This indicates a strong public\r\n\r\nperception that illegal oil-related activities have intensified armed\r\n\r\nconflicts, pipeline vandalism, kidnapping, and other forms of criminality in\r\n\r\nthe Niger Delta region. Furthermore, the ANOVA results showed a statistically\r\n\r\nsignificant variation in petroleum revenue across the study years (F = 66.45, p\r\n\r\n< 0.001), suggesting that crude oil theft and associated disruptions have\r\n\r\nsubstantially affected revenue generation in Nigeria's petroleum sector.The\r\n\r\nstudy concludes that crude oil theft extends beyond economic losses to\r\n\r\nconstitute a major social and security challenge, undermining community\r\n\r\nstability, public safety, and sustainable development. It recommends\r\n\r\nstrengthening surveillance of oil infrastructure, enhancing intelligence-driven\r\n\r\nsecurity operations, promoting community participation in pipeline protection,\r\n\r\ncreating sustainable livelihood opportunities for youths, and implementing\r\n\r\ntransparent resource governance policies to mitigate the social and security\r\n\r\nconsequences of crude oil theft in Nigeria."},{"id":122,"slug":"effectiveness-of-intelligent-transport-system-in-the-management-of-traffic-congestion-in-abuja-metropolis-nigeria","title":"Effectiveness of Intelligent Transport System in the Management of Traffic Congestion in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/effectiveness-of-intelligent-transport-system-in-the-management-of-traffic-congestion-in-abuja-metropolis-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/tsl.2026.846X002","published_at":"2026-07-02T08:19:11+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Transportation System and Logistics","authors":["Damana A. I","Wizor C. H.","Okodudu, E. E.","Iwuoha, S. E."],"abstract":"This study\r\n\r\nexamined the effectiveness of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in\r\n\r\nreducing traffic congestion in Abuja metropolis, Nigeria. The study assessed\r\n\r\nthe causes of traffic congestion, the level of deployment of ITS and the\r\n\r\neffectives of ITS in traffic management. The study adopted a mixed research\r\n\r\ndesign, with a population of 42973 road users and a sample size of 396\r\n\r\nrespondents shared between different categories of road users such as private\r\n\r\nand commercial vehicle drivers. A structured questionnaire administered to road\r\n\r\nusers and interview with transport officials served as data collection\r\n\r\ninstruments. Collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential\r\n\r\nstatistics such as mean, percentages and frequencies. The hypothesis was tested\r\n\r\nusing Pearson correlation analysis, while interview responses were analysed\r\n\r\nthematically.  Findings revealed that\r\n\r\nhigh level of vehicle ownership, poor public transport and traffic management\r\n\r\nsystems were the major causes of traffic congestion in Abuja. ITS was still at\r\n\r\na nascent stage, characterised by a coverage rate of less than 30% of total\r\n\r\nroad intersections in Abuja, with a moderately effective impact on traffic\r\n\r\nmanagement (mean = 3.37). Pearson correlation analysis further revealed that\r\n\r\nimprovement in ITS effectiveness will result in reduced congestion (r = 0.584,\r\n\r\np < 0.05). Government was encouraged to invest more in the expansion of ITS\r\n\r\ninfrastructure across major road corridors and intersections within Abuja\r\n\r\nmetropolis."},{"id":121,"slug":"advanced-pipeline-surveillance-technologies-and-infrastructure-security-in-nigeria-challenges-opportunities-and-adoption-trends","title":"Advanced Pipeline Surveillance Technologies and Infrastructure Security in Nigeria: Challenges, Opportunities, and Adoption Trends","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/advanced-pipeline-surveillance-technologies-and-infrastructure-security-in-nigeria-challenges-opportunities-and-adoption-trends","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/dss.2026.65670021","published_at":"2026-06-14T21:21:15+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Disaster and Safety Sciences","authors":["Bademosi A. I.","Joel, O. F.","Ugbebor, J. N"],"abstract":"This\r\n\r\nstudy examines the challenges, opportunities, and adoption trends associated\r\n\r\nwith advanced pipeline surveillance technologies and infrastructure security in\r\n\r\nNigeria. Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected from pipeline\r\n\r\noperators, regulators, service providers, and industry experts to assess the\r\n\r\ncauses and consequences of unplanned leaks, the effectiveness of existing\r\n\r\nmanagement strategies, and the state of surveillance and monitoring practices\r\n\r\nwithin the sector. The findings reveal that corrosion and external damage\r\n\r\nconstitute the most significant causes of pipeline leaks, while ageing\r\n\r\ninfrastructure remains a major driver of increasing incident trends.\r\n\r\nRespondents identified environmental, economic, health and safety, and\r\n\r\nreputational impacts as severe consequences of pipeline failures. The results\r\n\r\nfurther indicate that spill incidents remain widespread across the industry,\r\n\r\nwith over 90% of respondents reporting at least one spill event within the\r\n\r\nprevious three years, suggesting that pipeline failures are systemic rather\r\n\r\nthan operator-specific. Although current integrity management strategies were\r\n\r\nconsidered moderately effective, significant gaps remain in inspection\r\n\r\ncoverage, maintenance practices, and real-time monitoring capabilities. The\r\n\r\nstudy highlights the growing importance of advanced surveillance technologies,\r\n\r\nincluding drones, smart sensors, satellite monitoring, fibre-optic systems, and\r\n\r\nintegrated SCADA platforms, in improving pipeline security and leak detection.\r\n\r\nHowever, adoption is constrained by financial limitations, inadequate technical\r\n\r\ncapacity, regulatory challenges, and infrastructure deficits. The study\r\n\r\nconcludes that strengthening pipeline security in Nigeria requires greater\r\n\r\ninvestment in advanced monitoring technologies, enhanced regulatory\r\n\r\nenforcement, robust integrity data management systems, community participation,\r\n\r\nand sustained capacity development. "},{"id":120,"slug":"workers-training-workload-stress-and-productivity-in-tertiary-institutions-in-the-niger-delta-nigeria","title":"Workers’ Training, Workload, Stress, and Productivity in Tertiary Institutions in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/workers-training-workload-stress-and-productivity-in-tertiary-institutions-in-the-niger-delta-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/dss.2026.6567001","published_at":"2026-06-02T08:55:17+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Disaster and Safety Sciences","authors":["Kpegah A. D.","Obari, O.","Richard, A"],"abstract":"This\r\n\r\nstudy examined the relationship between workers’ training and development,\r\n\r\nworkload/stress, and workers’ productivity in selected tertiary institutions in\r\n\r\nthe Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study became necessary due to persistent\r\n\r\nconcerns regarding inadequate staff development programmes, excessive workload,\r\n\r\noccupational stress, and declining productivity among workers in Nigerian\r\n\r\ntertiary institutions. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, while\r\n\r\nprimary and secondary data were utilised for the study. Structured\r\n\r\nquestionnaires were administered to respondents across selected tertiary\r\n\r\ninstitutions in Rivers, Bayelsa, Akwa-Ibom, Cross-River, and Delta States. A\r\n\r\ntotal of 400 copies of questionnaire were distributed, while 383 valid copies\r\n\r\nrepresenting 95.75% were retrieved and used for analysis. Spearman’s Rank Order\r\n\r\nCorrelation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of\r\n\r\nsignificance. Findings revealed a strong and positive relationship between\r\n\r\nworkers’ training and development and workers’ productivity with correlation\r\n\r\ncoefficient (r = 0.882) and significance value (p = 0.001 < 0.01),\r\n\r\nindicating that effective training and development programmes significantly\r\n\r\nenhance workers’ productivity. The study also revealed a significant negative\r\n\r\nrelationship between workload/stress and workers’ productivity with correlation\r\n\r\ncoefficient (r = -0.724) and significance value (p = 0.004 < 0.01),\r\n\r\nindicating that excessive workload and occupational stress significantly reduce\r\n\r\nworkers’ productivity. The study concluded that workers’ training and\r\n\r\ndevelopment positively improve productivity, while excessive workload and\r\n\r\nstress negatively affect workers’ efficiency and performance in tertiary\r\n\r\ninstitutions. The study recommended regular staff training programmes, effective\r\n\r\nworkload distribution, stress management strategies, and improved staff welfare\r\n\r\npolicies to enhance workers’ productivity."},{"id":119,"slug":"causes-and-extent-of-fire-fighting-equipment-availability-among-public-buildings-in-federal-capital-territory-nigeria","title":"Causes and Extent of Fire-Fighting Equipment Availability among Public Buildings in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/causes-and-extent-of-fire-fighting-equipment-availability-among-public-buildings-in-federal-capital-territory-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/dss.2025.6567002","published_at":"2026-06-01T22:58:32+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Disaster and Safety Sciences","authors":["Udoh Hope I.","Obafemi A. A.","Mbee M. D."],"abstract":"Public\r\n\r\nbuildings are very crucial in the social and economy of every country and have\r\n\r\nbeen subjected to various hazards including fire incidents leading to various\r\n\r\ndegree of destructions. The study examines the causes and extent of\r\n\r\nfire-fighting equipment availability among public buildings in the Federal\r\n\r\nCapital Territory, Nigeria. Four hundred (400) questionnaires were administered\r\n\r\namong randomly selected respondents (public building occupants); however, 376\r\n\r\nwere returned and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as\r\n\r\nfrequency count, percentage and one-sample t-test. The outcome of the study\r\n\r\nshowed that electrical fault (22.9%), careless in the use of fire (20.2%),\r\n\r\nnegligence (17.5%) and overload of electrical appliance (17.3%) are perceived\r\n\r\nas major causes of fire incidents. Respondents are not satisfied (76.9%) with\r\n\r\nthe extent of fire-fighting equipment available in their building where fire hydrant\r\n\r\n(72.1%), flame detector (94.7%), smoke detector (67.0%) and fire alarm system\r\n\r\n(69.1%) are not available. Most buildings are equipped with fire safety signs\r\n\r\n(76.9%), fire extinguisher (89.1%) and sand (72.3%) and they are functioning.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, fire incidents among public building is caused by electrical\r\n\r\nfault, careless in the use of fire and negligence and the impact is exacerbated\r\n\r\ndue to insufficient fire-fighting equipment. Therefore, public building should\r\n\r\nbe well fitted with various firefighting equipment, maintained, tested and\r\n\r\nupgraded frequently to avoid failure when needed."},{"id":118,"slug":"assessment-of-fire-disaster-emergency-preparedness-awareness-among-marketers-at-major-markets-in-niger-delta-nigeria","title":"Assessment of Fire Disaster Emergency Preparedness Awareness Among Marketers at Major Markets in Niger Delta, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/assessment-of-fire-disaster-emergency-preparedness-awareness-among-marketers-at-major-markets-in-niger-delta-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/dss.2025.6567001","published_at":"2026-05-30T09:35:36+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Disaster and Safety Sciences","authors":["Ugwu M. O."],"abstract":"Fire\r\n\r\noccupies a significant place in the daily activities of human beings, its\r\n\r\noccurrence in market places is a threat to lives and properties. The study\r\n\r\nassessed of fire disaster emergency preparedness awareness among marketers at\r\n\r\nmajor markets in Niger Delta, Nigeria. fire disaster emergency preparedness of\r\n\r\nselected markets in South-South Nigeria with the aid of survey research method.\r\n\r\nThe study traversed through major markets in Cross River, Bayelsa and Rivers\r\n\r\nStates and 384 space/shop occupants while data was gathered through questionnaire.\r\n\r\nUsing descriptive statistics, the study outcome deduced that the causes of\r\n\r\nmarket fire range from electrical fault (64.3%), cooking with naked flames\r\n\r\n(14.6%), overload of electrical appliance (7.0%), carelessness in the use of\r\n\r\nfire (7.0%) and its occurrence is within 2-3years majorly (42.0%). Also,\r\n\r\nshop/space occupants showed inadequate understanding of fire disaster\r\n\r\npreparedness (39.3%); although, very adequate in their understanding towards\r\n\r\nfire safety practices (37.8%) while they responded to fire incident as a\r\n\r\nvolunteer (40.1%). The study recommended the need for markets to partner with\r\n\r\ngovernment agencies such as firefighting agency in order to improve their\r\n\r\nknowledge, awareness and fire disaster preparedness practice."},{"id":117,"slug":"investigate-the-driving-force-that-influences-paternity-fraud-and-marital-infidelity-among-couples-in-the-delta-state-nigeria","title":"Investigate the Driving Force that Influences Paternity Fraud and Marital Infidelity among Couples in the Delta State, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/investigate-the-driving-force-that-influences-paternity-fraud-and-marital-infidelity-among-couples-in-the-delta-state-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/aarb.2026.9586003 ","published_at":"2026-05-17T15:55:45+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Advance African Research Bulletin","authors":["Momah S. R.","Nsirim-Worlu","Badey, D"],"abstract":"Paternity fraud and marital infidelity are increasingly recognised as\r\n\r\ninterconnected social issues that undermine marital stability and family\r\n\r\ncohesion, particularly within developing societies such as Nigeria. This study\r\n\r\nexamines the driving forces influencing paternity fraud and marital infidelity\r\n\r\namong couples in Delta State. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study\r\n\r\nintegrates both quantitative and qualitative data collected from married and\r\n\r\ncohabiting individuals, as well as key informants, including legal\r\n\r\npractitioners, healthcare professionals, and marriage counsellors. Data were\r\n\r\nanalysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools in conjunction\r\n\r\nwith thematic analysis. The findings indicate that marital infidelity is\r\n\r\ninfluenced by a complex interaction of socio-economic, cultural, psychological,\r\n\r\nand relational factors, including financial instability, emotional\r\n\r\ndissatisfaction, sexual incompatibility, ineffective communication, and\r\n\r\nevolving gender roles. Cultural norms that prioritise lineage continuity and\r\n\r\nmale inheritance, coupled with gender-based double standards that often\r\n\r\ntolerate male infidelity, contribute to secrecy and the persistence of these\r\n\r\nbehaviours. The study further reveals that paternity fraud frequently emerges\r\n\r\nas a concealed outcome of extramarital relationships, intensified by limited\r\n\r\naccess to DNA testing, cultural taboos surrounding paternity verification, and\r\n\r\ninadequate legal frameworks. Additionally, economic hardship and transactional\r\n\r\nrelationships were found to significantly increase the likelihood of both\r\n\r\ninfidelity and paternity misattribution. Psychological factors, such as unmet\r\n\r\nemotional needs and personality traits, also play a crucial role. These\r\n\r\nfindings underscore that both phenomena are embedded within broader structural,\r\n\r\ncultural, and interpersonal dynamics. The study concludes that addressing\r\n\r\npaternity fraud and marital infidelity requires a comprehensive and\r\n\r\nmulti-dimensional approach involving legal reforms, public awareness\r\n\r\ninitiatives, economic empowerment strategies, and the promotion of effective\r\n\r\nmarital communication."},{"id":116,"slug":"influence-of-gender-roles-on-intimate-partner-violence-among-undergraduate-students-in-the-university-of-port-harcourt-rivers-state-nigeria","title":"Influence of Gender Roles on Intimate Partner Violence among Undergraduate Students in the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/influence-of-gender-roles-on-intimate-partner-violence-among-undergraduate-students-in-the-university-of-port-harcourt-rivers-state-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/cam.2026.6583002","published_at":"2026-05-06T08:20:29+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Carl Advance Multidisciplinary","authors":["Enyi Edith Ngozi","Olanrewaju L.","Adaku A. N."],"abstract":"Intimate\r\n\r\nPartner Violence (IPV) among university students has emerged as a critical\r\n\r\npublic health and social issue. This phenomenon is highly influenced by\r\n\r\ningrained gender norms. Hence, this study investigated the influence of gender\r\n\r\nroles on intimate partner violence among undergraduate students in University\r\n\r\nof Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Two objectives were formulated to\r\n\r\nguide the study. A correlational design was adopted. The Population of the\r\n\r\nstudy consisted of all the undergraduate students of University of Port\r\n\r\nHarcourt. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in this study to select 200\r\n\r\nparticipants (undergraduate students). The instrument that was used for data\r\n\r\ncollection is a questionnaire titled: “Gender Roles Questionnaire (GRQ)” and Intimate\r\n\r\nPartner Violence Questionnaire (IPVQ)”. Frequency, percentage and Spearman Rank\r\n\r\nOrder Correlation were used in analyzing the objectives. The findings revealed\r\n\r\nthat a substantial proportion of respondents reject the notion that a man\r\n\r\nshould be the dominant partner in a relationship. Also, respondents believe\r\n\r\nthat gender roles contribute significantly to IPV. The study concluded that\r\n\r\nalthough there is evidence of increasing awareness and partial rejection of\r\n\r\novert patriarchal dominance, underlying belief systems that sustain gender\r\n\r\ninequality and IPV tolerance remain deeply embedded. The study recommends that\r\n\r\nuniversities should integrate comprehensive gender equality and relationship\r\n\r\neducation into their curricula and student development programs."},{"id":115,"slug":"the-prevalence-of-female-genital-mutilation-in-africa","title":"The Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in Africa","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/the-prevalence-of-female-genital-mutilation-in-africa","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/aarb.2026.9586002","published_at":"2026-04-15T22:23:23+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Advance African Research Bulletin","authors":["Amadi E. I."],"abstract":"Female genital mutilation (FGM) remains a critical public health issue\r\n\r\nand a violation of the fundamental human rights of women and girls,\r\n\r\nparticularly in Africa, where its prevalence is highest. This study examines\r\n\r\nthe prevalence, distribution, and determinants of FGM across the African\r\n\r\ncontinent to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors sustaining\r\n\r\nthe practice. A systematic review approach was adopted, utilizing secondary\r\n\r\ndata from peer-reviewed journal articles, demographic surveys, and institutional\r\n\r\nreports published between 2012 and 2025. Relevant studies were sourced from\r\n\r\ndatabases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using clearly defined\r\n\r\ninclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings reveal that FGM prevalence in\r\n\r\nAfrica remains alarmingly high, with pooled estimates exceeding 50% in several\r\n\r\nregions. However, the practice varies significantly across countries and\r\n\r\ncommunities, reflecting diverse cultural, social, and economic contexts. Key\r\n\r\ndeterminants identified include low levels of education, poverty, rural\r\n\r\nresidence, and deeply rooted cultural and religious beliefs. Social pressure\r\n\r\nand intergenerational transmission also play a major role in perpetuating the\r\n\r\npractice. Although there is evidence of a gradual decline in prevalence among\r\n\r\nyounger generations, progress remains uneven and insufficient to meet global\r\n\r\neradication targets. Population growth further contributes to the increasing\r\n\r\nnumber of affected individuals despite relative percentage declines. The study\r\n\r\nconcludes that FGM is sustained by complex sociocultural and structural factors\r\n\r\nthat require holistic, context-specific interventions. Efforts to eliminate the\r\n\r\npractice must go beyond legislation to include education, community engagement,\r\n\r\nand women’s empowerment initiatives."},{"id":114,"slug":"effect-of-ethanolic-extract-of-sphenocentrum-jollyanum-on-antioxidant-enzymes-as-biomarkers-of-oxidative-stress-in-wistar-rats","title":"Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Sphenocentrum Jollyanum on Antioxidant Enzymes as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/effect-of-ethanolic-extract-of-sphenocentrum-jollyanum-on-antioxidant-enzymes-as-biomarkers-of-oxidative-stress-in-wistar-rats","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/cam.2026.6583001","published_at":"2026-04-15T00:46:47+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Carl Advance Multidisciplinary","authors":["Ekpoikong U. E.","Wegwu, M. O.","Ogunka-Nnoka, C. U."],"abstract":"There\r\n\r\nhas been increasing scientific interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds as\r\n\r\npotential therapeutic agents capable of modulating oxidative stress. Among such\r\n\r\nplants, Sphenocentrum jollyanum, a medicinal species widely used in West African\r\n\r\nethnomedicine, has demonstrated promising antioxidant and pharmacological\r\n\r\nproperties. This study investigates the effect of ethanolic extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on antioxidant enzymes as biomarkers of oxidative\r\n\r\nstress in Wistar rats. The choice of ethanolic extraction is based on its\r\n\r\nefficiency in isolating phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins,\r\n\r\nand phenolic compounds known for their antioxidant activities. Wistar rats\r\n\r\nserve as a suitable in vivo model due to their physiological similarity to\r\n\r\nhumans and their established relevance in toxicological and pharmacological\r\n\r\nstudies. Oxidative stress is experimentally induced using standard agents, and\r\n\r\nthe modulatory effects of the plant extract are evaluated through biochemical\r\n\r\nassays of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation markers. Previous studies\r\n\r\nhave shown that Sphenocentrum jollyanum enhances antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces\r\n\r\noxidative damage in animal models. For instance, administration of the plant\r\n\r\nextract has been associated with increased levels of SOD, CAT, and reduced\r\n\r\nglutathione (GSH), alongside decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of\r\n\r\nlipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that the plant possesses significant\r\n\r\nfree radical scavenging and cytoprotective properties. However, limited studies\r\n\r\nhave specifically focused on ethanolic extracts and their dose-dependent\r\n\r\neffects on oxidative stress biomarkers."},{"id":113,"slug":"influence-of-quantum-inspired-multi-objective-optimization-on-healthcare-resource-allocation-effectiveness-in-selected-hospitals-in-nigeria","title":"Influence of Quantum-Inspired Multi-Objective Optimization on Healthcare Resource Allocation Effectiveness in Selected Hospitals in Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/influence-of-quantum-inspired-multi-objective-optimization-on-healthcare-resource-allocation-effectiveness-in-selected-hospitals-in-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/MSFA.2026.9608001","published_at":"2026-02-17T16:02:23+00:00","discipline":"Management Sciences","journal":"Finance and Administration","authors":["Ojeleye  Yinka"],"abstract":"Healthcare\r\nresource allocation in Nigeria faces persistent challenges due to limited\r\nfunding, workforce shortages, infrastructure constraints, and rising patient\r\ndemand. Traditional allocation methods, often single-objective or\r\nheuristic-based, fail to capture the complex trade-offs between efficiency,\r\nequity, cost, and service quality. This study examines the influence of\r\nQuantum-Inspired Multi-Objective Optimization (QIMOO) on healthcare resource\r\nallocation effectiveness in selected Nigerian hospitals, integrating\r\norganizational readiness and data quality as key contextual factors. Drawing on\r\nprinciples of Optimization Theory, the Resource-Based View (RBV), and\r\nOrganizational Readiness for Change Theory, the study models healthcare\r\nresource allocation as a multi-objective problem, where staff, equipment, beds,\r\nand budgets must be deployed efficiently under uncertainty. A quantitative\r\ncross-sectional design was employed, collecting primary data from hospital\r\nadministrators and operational managers, complemented by secondary operational\r\ndata from hospital records. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to\r\nassess the direct effects of QIMOO adoption on healthcare resource allocation\r\neffectiveness and the mediating role of organizational readiness, while controlling\r\nfor data quality. Findings indicate that QIMOO adoption significantly improves\r\nresource allocation effectiveness (β = 0.41, p < 0.001) and that\r\norganizational readiness partially mediates this relationship (β = 0.19, p <\r\n0.001). Data quality was found to enhance the predictive power of the model,\r\nreinforcing the importance of reliable information systems. The combined\r\nframework explained 63% of variance in resource allocation effectiveness,\r\ndemonstrating substantial explanatory and predictive capability. This study\r\nprovides empirical evidence supporting the adoption of QIMOO techniques in low-\r\nand middle-income healthcare systems for institutional preparedness and data\r\nintegrity."},{"id":112,"slug":"geographic-information-system-gis-assessment-of-anthropogenic-impacts-on-mangrove-forests-in-parts-of-rivers-state-nigeria","title":"Geographic Information System (GIS) Assessment of Anthropogenic Impacts on Mangrove Forests in Parts of Rivers State, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/geographic-information-system-gis-assessment-of-anthropogenic-impacts-on-mangrove-forests-in-parts-of-rivers-state-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/egsa.2026.9551001","published_at":"2026-02-09T11:57:18+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Environmental Geoinfomatics and Spatial Analysis","authors":["Etuk E. E.","Agbagwa, I. O.","Ochekwu, E. B."],"abstract":"Mangrove forests are vital coastal ecosystems that provide a range of ecological, economic, and protective services. However, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, particularly in resource-rich regions like Rivers State, Nigeria. This study employed Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to assess the spatio-temporal changes in mangrove forest cover in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) Gokana, Andoni, Asari-Toru, and Degema from 1995 to 2024. Multi-temporal Landsat satellite images were analyzed using supervised classification to delineate land use/land cover (LULC) categories including mangroves, freshwater vegetation, built-up areas, and water bodies. The results revealed a significant and progressive decline in mangrove coverage across the LGAs, with Gokana and Andoni experiencing a 59.49% loss, and Asari-Toru and Degema a 42.67% loss over the study period. Conversely, built-up areas and freshwater vegetation expanded considerably, indicating growing urbanization and possible ecological succession. The findings strongly suggest that human-induced activities such as infrastructure development, oil exploration, and land reclamation are the primary drivers of mangrove degradation. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies, sustainable land-use planning, and strengthened environmental regulations to preserve the remaining mangrove forests and restore degraded areas."},{"id":111,"slug":"an-improved-data-warehouse-security-system-using-hybrid-authentication-techniques","title":"An Improved Data Warehouse Security System Using Hybrid Authentication Techniques","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/an-improved-data-warehouse-security-system-using-hybrid-authentication-techniques","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/STEM-E.2026.956X006","published_at":"2026-02-05T21:59:03+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"STEM Essentials","authors":["Zeteh K. G."],"abstract":"Data\r\n\r\nwarehouses play a critical role in modern organizations by supporting\r\n\r\ndata-driven decision-making and business intelligence. However, the sensitive\r\n\r\nand high-value nature of data stored in these systems makes them attractive\r\n\r\ntargets for security breaches, unauthorized access, and insider threats.\r\n\r\nConventional data warehouse security approaches, which largely rely on\r\n\r\nsingle-factor authentication mechanisms such as usernames and passwords, are\r\n\r\nincreasingly inadequate in addressing contemporary cyber threats. This study\r\n\r\nfocuses on the design and implementation of an improved data warehouse security\r\n\r\nsystem using hybrid authentication techniques. The proposed system integrates\r\n\r\nmultiple authentication factors, including knowledge-based, possession-based,\r\n\r\nand cryptographic authentication mechanisms, to enhance identity verification\r\n\r\nand access control. By combining these complementary techniques, the hybrid\r\n\r\nauthentication model provides layered security that significantly reduces\r\n\r\nvulnerabilities associated with single-factor authentication. The study adopts\r\n\r\na system design and analytical approach to demonstrate how hybrid\r\n\r\nauthentication can improve data confidentiality, integrity, and availability\r\n\r\nwithin data warehouse environments. The findings indicate that the improved\r\n\r\nhybrid authentication-based security system offers stronger protection against\r\n\r\nunauthorized access, impersonation attacks, and credential compromise, while\r\n\r\nalso supporting accountability and secure data governance. The study concludes\r\n\r\nthat hybrid authentication techniques constitute an effective and scalable\r\n\r\nsolution for strengthening data warehouse security in modern enterprise\r\n\r\nsystems. The implementation of such systems is therefore recommended for organizations\r\n\r\nseeking to enhance the reliability and trustworthiness of their data\r\n\r\nwarehousing infrastructures."}]}