{"status":"ok","count":20,"limit":20,"offset":0,"total":96,"items":[{"id":115,"slug":"the-prevalence-of-female-genital-mutilation-in-africa","title":"The Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in Africa","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/the-prevalence-of-female-genital-mutilation-in-africa","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/aarb.2026.9586002","published_at":"2026-04-15T22:23:23+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Advance African Research Bulletin","authors":["Amadi E. I."],"abstract":"Female genital mutilation (FGM) remains a critical public health issue\r\n\r\nand a violation of the fundamental human rights of women and girls,\r\n\r\nparticularly in Africa, where its prevalence is highest. This study examines\r\n\r\nthe prevalence, distribution, and determinants of FGM across the African\r\n\r\ncontinent to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors sustaining\r\n\r\nthe practice. A systematic review approach was adopted, utilizing secondary\r\n\r\ndata from peer-reviewed journal articles, demographic surveys, and institutional\r\n\r\nreports published between 2012 and 2025. Relevant studies were sourced from\r\n\r\ndatabases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using clearly defined\r\n\r\ninclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings reveal that FGM prevalence in\r\n\r\nAfrica remains alarmingly high, with pooled estimates exceeding 50% in several\r\n\r\nregions. However, the practice varies significantly across countries and\r\n\r\ncommunities, reflecting diverse cultural, social, and economic contexts. Key\r\n\r\ndeterminants identified include low levels of education, poverty, rural\r\n\r\nresidence, and deeply rooted cultural and religious beliefs. Social pressure\r\n\r\nand intergenerational transmission also play a major role in perpetuating the\r\n\r\npractice. Although there is evidence of a gradual decline in prevalence among\r\n\r\nyounger generations, progress remains uneven and insufficient to meet global\r\n\r\neradication targets. Population growth further contributes to the increasing\r\n\r\nnumber of affected individuals despite relative percentage declines. The study\r\n\r\nconcludes that FGM is sustained by complex sociocultural and structural factors\r\n\r\nthat require holistic, context-specific interventions. Efforts to eliminate the\r\n\r\npractice must go beyond legislation to include education, community engagement,\r\n\r\nand women’s empowerment initiatives."},{"id":114,"slug":"effect-of-ethanolic-extract-of-sphenocentrum-jollyanum-on-antioxidant-enzymes-as-biomarkers-of-oxidative-stress-in-wistar-rats","title":"Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Sphenocentrum Jollyanum on Antioxidant Enzymes as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/effect-of-ethanolic-extract-of-sphenocentrum-jollyanum-on-antioxidant-enzymes-as-biomarkers-of-oxidative-stress-in-wistar-rats","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/cam.2026.6583001","published_at":"2026-04-15T00:46:47+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Carl Advance Multidisciplinary","authors":["Ekpoikong U. E.","Wegwu, M. O.","Ogunka-Nnoka, C. U."],"abstract":"There\r\n\r\nhas been increasing scientific interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds as\r\n\r\npotential therapeutic agents capable of modulating oxidative stress. Among such\r\n\r\nplants, Sphenocentrum jollyanum, a medicinal species widely used in West African\r\n\r\nethnomedicine, has demonstrated promising antioxidant and pharmacological\r\n\r\nproperties. This study investigates the effect of ethanolic extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on antioxidant enzymes as biomarkers of oxidative\r\n\r\nstress in Wistar rats. The choice of ethanolic extraction is based on its\r\n\r\nefficiency in isolating phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins,\r\n\r\nand phenolic compounds known for their antioxidant activities. Wistar rats\r\n\r\nserve as a suitable in vivo model due to their physiological similarity to\r\n\r\nhumans and their established relevance in toxicological and pharmacological\r\n\r\nstudies. Oxidative stress is experimentally induced using standard agents, and\r\n\r\nthe modulatory effects of the plant extract are evaluated through biochemical\r\n\r\nassays of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation markers. Previous studies\r\n\r\nhave shown that Sphenocentrum jollyanum enhances antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces\r\n\r\noxidative damage in animal models. For instance, administration of the plant\r\n\r\nextract has been associated with increased levels of SOD, CAT, and reduced\r\n\r\nglutathione (GSH), alongside decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of\r\n\r\nlipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that the plant possesses significant\r\n\r\nfree radical scavenging and cytoprotective properties. However, limited studies\r\n\r\nhave specifically focused on ethanolic extracts and their dose-dependent\r\n\r\neffects on oxidative stress biomarkers."},{"id":113,"slug":"influence-of-quantum-inspired-multi-objective-optimization-on-healthcare-resource-allocation-effectiveness-in-selected-hospitals-in-nigeria","title":"Influence of Quantum-Inspired Multi-Objective Optimization on Healthcare Resource Allocation Effectiveness in Selected Hospitals in Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/influence-of-quantum-inspired-multi-objective-optimization-on-healthcare-resource-allocation-effectiveness-in-selected-hospitals-in-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/MSFA.2026.9608001","published_at":"2026-02-17T16:02:23+00:00","discipline":"Management Sciences","journal":"Finance and Administration","authors":["Ojeleye  Yinka"],"abstract":"Healthcare\r\nresource allocation in Nigeria faces persistent challenges due to limited\r\nfunding, workforce shortages, infrastructure constraints, and rising patient\r\ndemand. Traditional allocation methods, often single-objective or\r\nheuristic-based, fail to capture the complex trade-offs between efficiency,\r\nequity, cost, and service quality. This study examines the influence of\r\nQuantum-Inspired Multi-Objective Optimization (QIMOO) on healthcare resource\r\nallocation effectiveness in selected Nigerian hospitals, integrating\r\norganizational readiness and data quality as key contextual factors. Drawing on\r\nprinciples of Optimization Theory, the Resource-Based View (RBV), and\r\nOrganizational Readiness for Change Theory, the study models healthcare\r\nresource allocation as a multi-objective problem, where staff, equipment, beds,\r\nand budgets must be deployed efficiently under uncertainty. A quantitative\r\ncross-sectional design was employed, collecting primary data from hospital\r\nadministrators and operational managers, complemented by secondary operational\r\ndata from hospital records. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to\r\nassess the direct effects of QIMOO adoption on healthcare resource allocation\r\neffectiveness and the mediating role of organizational readiness, while controlling\r\nfor data quality. Findings indicate that QIMOO adoption significantly improves\r\nresource allocation effectiveness (β = 0.41, p &lt; 0.001) and that\r\norganizational readiness partially mediates this relationship (β = 0.19, p &lt;\r\n0.001). Data quality was found to enhance the predictive power of the model,\r\nreinforcing the importance of reliable information systems. The combined\r\nframework explained 63% of variance in resource allocation effectiveness,\r\ndemonstrating substantial explanatory and predictive capability. This study\r\nprovides empirical evidence supporting the adoption of QIMOO techniques in low-\r\nand middle-income healthcare systems for institutional preparedness and data\r\nintegrity."},{"id":112,"slug":"geographic-information-system-gis-assessment-of-anthropogenic-impacts-on-mangrove-forests-in-parts-of-rivers-state-nigeria","title":"Geographic Information System (GIS) Assessment of Anthropogenic Impacts on Mangrove Forests in Parts of Rivers State, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/geographic-information-system-gis-assessment-of-anthropogenic-impacts-on-mangrove-forests-in-parts-of-rivers-state-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/egsa.2026.9551001","published_at":"2026-02-09T11:57:18+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Environmental Geoinfomatics and Spatial Analysis","authors":["Etuk E. E.","Agbagwa, I. O.","Ochekwu, E. B."],"abstract":"Mangrove forests are vital coastal ecosystems that provide a range of ecological, economic, and protective services. However, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, particularly in resource-rich regions like Rivers State, Nigeria. This study employed Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to assess the spatio-temporal changes in mangrove forest cover in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) Gokana, Andoni, Asari-Toru, and Degema from 1995 to 2024. Multi-temporal Landsat satellite images were analyzed using supervised classification to delineate land use/land cover (LULC) categories including mangroves, freshwater vegetation, built-up areas, and water bodies. The results revealed a significant and progressive decline in mangrove coverage across the LGAs, with Gokana and Andoni experiencing a 59.49% loss, and Asari-Toru and Degema a 42.67% loss over the study period. Conversely, built-up areas and freshwater vegetation expanded considerably, indicating growing urbanization and possible ecological succession. The findings strongly suggest that human-induced activities such as infrastructure development, oil exploration, and land reclamation are the primary drivers of mangrove degradation. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies, sustainable land-use planning, and strengthened environmental regulations to preserve the remaining mangrove forests and restore degraded areas."},{"id":111,"slug":"an-improved-data-warehouse-security-system-using-hybrid-authentication-techniques","title":"An Improved Data Warehouse Security System Using Hybrid Authentication Techniques","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/an-improved-data-warehouse-security-system-using-hybrid-authentication-techniques","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/STEM-E.2026.956X006","published_at":"2026-02-05T21:59:03+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"STEM Essentials","authors":["Zeteh K. G."],"abstract":"Data\r\n\r\nwarehouses play a critical role in modern organizations by supporting\r\n\r\ndata-driven decision-making and business intelligence. However, the sensitive\r\n\r\nand high-value nature of data stored in these systems makes them attractive\r\n\r\ntargets for security breaches, unauthorized access, and insider threats.\r\n\r\nConventional data warehouse security approaches, which largely rely on\r\n\r\nsingle-factor authentication mechanisms such as usernames and passwords, are\r\n\r\nincreasingly inadequate in addressing contemporary cyber threats. This study\r\n\r\nfocuses on the design and implementation of an improved data warehouse security\r\n\r\nsystem using hybrid authentication techniques. The proposed system integrates\r\n\r\nmultiple authentication factors, including knowledge-based, possession-based,\r\n\r\nand cryptographic authentication mechanisms, to enhance identity verification\r\n\r\nand access control. By combining these complementary techniques, the hybrid\r\n\r\nauthentication model provides layered security that significantly reduces\r\n\r\nvulnerabilities associated with single-factor authentication. The study adopts\r\n\r\na system design and analytical approach to demonstrate how hybrid\r\n\r\nauthentication can improve data confidentiality, integrity, and availability\r\n\r\nwithin data warehouse environments. The findings indicate that the improved\r\n\r\nhybrid authentication-based security system offers stronger protection against\r\n\r\nunauthorized access, impersonation attacks, and credential compromise, while\r\n\r\nalso supporting accountability and secure data governance. The study concludes\r\n\r\nthat hybrid authentication techniques constitute an effective and scalable\r\n\r\nsolution for strengthening data warehouse security in modern enterprise\r\n\r\nsystems. The implementation of such systems is therefore recommended for organizations\r\n\r\nseeking to enhance the reliability and trustworthiness of their data\r\n\r\nwarehousing infrastructures."},{"id":110,"slug":"an-improved-secure-communication-system-for-peer-to-peer-solar-energy-trading-in-nigeria","title":"An Improved Secure Communication System for Peer-To-Peer Solar Energy Trading in Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/an-improved-secure-communication-system-for-peer-to-peer-solar-energy-trading-in-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/aarb.2026.9586001","published_at":"2026-02-05T21:53:33+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"Advance African Research Bulletin","authors":["Ikukaiwe P. C.","Alabi, A. O."],"abstract":"The persistent challenges of unreliable electricity supply and increasing\r\n\r\nenergy demand in Nigeria have accelerated the adoption of decentralized\r\n\r\nrenewable energy systems, particularly solar photovoltaic technologies.\r\n\r\nPeer-to-peer (P2P) solar energy trading has emerged as a viable solution that\r\n\r\nenables prosumers to trade excess energy directly with consumers within\r\n\r\nlocalized networks. However, the effectiveness of P2P energy trading systems is\r\n\r\nhighly dependent on the security and reliability of their communication\r\n\r\ninfrastructures, as decentralized platforms are vulnerable to cyber threats\r\n\r\nsuch as unauthorized access, data tampering, and impersonation attacks. This study\r\n\r\ntherefore focuses on the design and evaluation of an improved secure\r\n\r\ncommunication system for peer-to-peer solar energy trading in Nigeria. The\r\n\r\nstudy adopted a design-and-implementation research approach, incorporating\r\n\r\ncryptographic authentication, secure message encryption, transaction\r\n\r\nvalidation, and distributed ledger technology to enhance system security.\r\n\r\nSimulation-based experiments were conducted to evaluate system performance\r\n\r\nusing metrics such as authentication time, transaction latency, security\r\n\r\nrobustness, and scalability. The results indicate that the proposed system\r\n\r\nsignificantly improves authentication security and data integrity while\r\n\r\nmaintaining acceptable transaction latency for real-time energy trading. The\r\n\r\nsystem also demonstrated resilience against common cyberattacks and stable\r\n\r\nperformance as the number of participants increased. The study concludes that\r\n\r\nan improved secure communication system is essential for the successful\r\n\r\ndeployment of peer-to-peer solar energy trading in Nigeria. By enhancing trust,\r\n\r\ntransparency, and data security, the proposed system supports sustainable\r\n\r\nenergy trading and contributes to the broader goal of improving energy access\r\n\r\nthrough decentralized renewable energy solutions."},{"id":109,"slug":"vulnerability-of-groundwater-contamination-due-to-bitumen-exploration-and-exploitation-site-implication-for-environmental-sustainability","title":"Vulnerability of Groundwater Contamination Due to Bitumen Exploration and Exploitation Site: Implication for Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/vulnerability-of-groundwater-contamination-due-to-bitumen-exploration-and-exploitation-site-implication-for-environmental-sustainability","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/hws.2025.7749020","published_at":"2026-02-02T10:08:05+00:00","discipline":"Physical Sciences","journal":"Hydrogeology and Watershed Science","authors":["Oladimeji O. R.","Ugbebor, J. N.","Ugwoha, E."],"abstract":"Groundwater is an essential resource, particularly in areas with\r\n\r\nindustrial activities such as bitumen exploration. This study assesses\r\n\r\ngroundwater vulnerability, groundwater-bitumen interaction, and baseline\r\n\r\ngroundwater quality within the Southwest Bitumen proposed project area. The protective\r\n\r\ncapacity of overlying geological materials was evaluated using longitudinal\r\n\r\nconductance values, revealing that aquifers with lower values are more\r\n\r\nvulnerable to contamination. Findings indicate that bitumen layers occur at\r\n\r\nvarying depths, with some intercalated with groundwater-bearing zones,\r\n\r\nincreasing the risk of hydrocarbon contamination. The groundwater quality\r\n\r\nassessment focused on physico-chemical and microbiological parameters from hand-dug\r\n\r\nwells across ten host communities, compared with control samples. Results\r\n\r\nshowed seasonal variations in temperature (26.00 - 26.60°C in wet season vs.\r\n\r\n28.80 - 31.2°C in dry season), electrical conductivity (142 - 263 µS/cm in wet\r\n\r\nseason vs. 102 - 278 µS/cm in dry season), and total dissolved solids (TDS) (51\r\n\r\n- 139 mg/L in dry season), though all remained within WHO potable water limits.\r\n\r\nHowever, turbidity (2.50 - 49.0 NTU) and pH (4.25 - 6.47) in some locations\r\n\r\nexceeded regulatory limits, indicating potential groundwater contamination\r\n\r\nrisks. The study underscores the need for continuous groundwater monitoring,\r\n\r\nthe implementation of mitigation measures, and sustainable management practices\r\n\r\nto prevent the degradation of this vital resource."},{"id":107,"slug":"roles-of-road-conditions-and-driver-behaviour-on-petroleum-laden-tanker-accidents-in-nigeria","title":"Roles of Road Conditions and Driver Behaviour on Petroleum-Laden Tanker Accidents in Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/roles-of-road-conditions-and-driver-behaviour-on-petroleum-laden-tanker-accidents-in-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/tsl.2026.846X001","published_at":"2026-01-25T20:19:41+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Transportation System and Logistics","authors":["Ikiriko R. Y.","Akpoghomeh, O. S.","Okodudu, E. E."],"abstract":"Petroleum-laden tanker accidents in Nigeria pose significant threats to life, property, and the environment. This study examines the impact of road conditions on the frequency and severity of such accidents from 2014 to 2025. Analysis of compiled data shows that annual fatalities ranged from as low as 4 deaths in Eleme (Rivers) in 2025 to a high of 169 deaths in Onitsha and Nnewi (Anambra) in 2015, while the number of accidents per state varied from a single incident in Ekiti, Osun, and Bauchi to 18 accidents in Lagos. High-fatality incidents were concentrated in states with poor road infrastructure, urban congestion, and inadequate traffic regulation, including Lagos, Anambra, Rivers, Delta, and Kogi. Contributing factors included potholes, narrow lanes, poor drainage, hilly terrain, and vehicle overloading. The findings indicate a strong correlation between deteriorating road conditions and both the frequency and severity of tanker accidents. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted road maintenance, improved traffic enforcement, and enhanced emergency response systems to reduce fatalities and mitigate socio-economic and environmental consequences of petroleum tanker accidents in Nigeria."},{"id":106,"slug":"impact-of-biomarker-distribution-on-reservoir-classification-insights-from-niger-delta-reservoirs","title":"Impact of Biomarker Distribution on Reservoir Classification: Insights from Niger Delta Reservoirs","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/impact-of-biomarker-distribution-on-reservoir-classification-insights-from-niger-delta-reservoirs","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/STEM-E.2026.956X001","published_at":"2026-01-24T16:54:43+00:00","discipline":"MultiDisciplinary Studies","journal":"STEM Essentials","authors":["Anyanwu N","Ikiensikimama, S","Elechi, W"],"abstract":"Reservoir\r\n\r\nclassification remains a fundamental aspect of petroleum geoscience and\r\n\r\nproduction optimization, serving as a key determinant of a nation’s ability to\r\n\r\nmanage, audit, and allocate hydrocarbon resources accurately. In Nigeria, where\r\n\r\nthe Niger Delta represents the epicenter of petroleum production, understanding\r\n\r\nthe subtle geochemical variations that differentiate oil and gas reservoirs is\r\n\r\nvital for both technical and policy purposes, particularly under OPEC audit and\r\n\r\nclassification criteria. This study investigates the impact of biomarker\r\n\r\ndistribution on the characterization and classification of reservoir fluids\r\n\r\nwithin the Niger Delta Basin using gas chromatography–flame ionization detection\r\n\r\n(GC-FID) and compositional fingerprinting techniques. Fifty (50) reservoir\r\n\r\nfluid samples were analyzed across representative stratigraphic intervals and\r\n\r\ndepositional settings. The distribution of n-alkanes (n-C7–n-C35), isoprenoids\r\n\r\n(pristane and phytane), and diagnostic biomarker ratios such as Pr/Ph, C17/C18,\r\n\r\nCarbon Preference Index (CPI), and sterane–terpane distributions were\r\n\r\nevaluated. Results demonstrate that biomarker assemblages provide clear,\r\n\r\nreproducible discrimination between oil, gas-condensate, and borderline\r\n\r\nsystems. Gas-dominant fluids are characterized by lighter hydrocarbon dominance\r\n\r\n(n-C7–n-C15), Pr/Ph < 1.0, CPI ≈ 1.0, and higher maturity indicators, while\r\n\r\noil-prone systems exhibit heavier n-alkane envelopes (n-C20–n-C35), Pr/Ph >\r\n\r\n1.5, and elevated CPI values. Transitional fluids display intermediate\r\n\r\nsignatures reflective of mixed organic inputs and moderate maturity. The\r\n\r\nfindings confirm that GC-FID-based biomarker fingerprinting offers a robust,\r\n\r\nauditable, and cost-effective framework for reservoir classification, with\r\n\r\nsignificant implications for reservoir management, production forecasting, and\r\n\r\nNigeria’s compliance with OPEC audit requirements."},{"id":105,"slug":"heavy-metals-concentration-and-pollution-index-hpi-in-drinking-water-in-aba-metropolis-nigeria","title":"Heavy Metals Concentration and Pollution Index (HPI) in Drinking Water in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/heavy-metals-concentration-and-pollution-index-hpi-in-drinking-water-in-aba-metropolis-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/emps.2026.6575001","published_at":"2026-01-22T10:44:00+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Studies","authors":["Okereke  Adimchinobi Innocent","Nwankwoala, H. O.","Osuji, L. C.","Hart, A.I."],"abstract":"Groundwater remains the primary source of drinking water in many Nigerian urban centres, yet its quality is increasingly threatened by rapid urbanisation and anthropogenic activities. This study assessed the concentration of selected heavy metals and evaluated the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) of groundwater sources in Aba metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria. A total of forty (40) borehole water samples were collected across four local government areas: Aba North, Aba South, Osisioma Ngwa, and Obingwa, during both the dry and wet seasons. Samples were analysed for iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry following standard APHA procedures. The results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values, and groundwater suitability was evaluated using the HPI model. Findings revealed that Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations across all sampling points were largely within WHO permissible limits, indicating minimal health risk from these metals. However, elevated iron concentrations exceeding the recommended limit (0.3 mg/L) were recorded in several locations, particularly in Osisioma and Obingwa LGAs, suggesting geogenic influence and possible infrastructure-related contributions. Heavy metals such as Cr, Cd and Co were not detected across all samples. The computed HPI values ranged from 0.001 to 0.10, far below the critical threshold of 100, confirming that groundwater in Aba metropolis is generally unpolluted by heavy metals. The study underscores the relative safety of groundwater in the area while highlighting the need for continuous monitoring to prevent future degradation."},{"id":104,"slug":"assessment-of-groundwater-quality-in-aba-metropolis-nigeria-water-quality-index-wqi-approach","title":"Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria: Water Quality Index (WQI) Approach","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/assessment-of-groundwater-quality-in-aba-metropolis-nigeria-water-quality-index-wqi-approach","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/hws.2026.7749001","published_at":"2026-01-22T10:41:43+00:00","discipline":"Physical Sciences","journal":"Hydrogeology and Watershed Science","authors":["Okereke  Adimchinobi Innocent","Nwankwoala, H. O.","Osuji, L. C.","Hart, A.I."],"abstract":"Groundwater constitutes the primary source of potable water for residents of Aba Metropolis, southeastern Nigeria, yet rapid urbanization and industrial expansion pose increasing risks to its quality. This study assessed the groundwater quality in Aba metropolis based on Water Quality Index (WQI) approach. Twenty (20) groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources across Aba North and Osisioma Ngwa Local Government Areas in January 2025. In situ measurements of pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were conducted, while heavy metals and inorganic elements were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results revealed strongly acidic groundwater conditions in both LGAs, with mean pH values (3.90–4.01) far below World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. Although TDS (90.3-106.63 mg/L) and EC (117.87-226.83 mg/L) values were within acceptable limits, extremely low DO levels (0.10-0.11 mg/L) indicated poor groundwater aeration and possible chemical oxygen depletion. Iron (Fe) concentrations exceeded WHO guidelines in several locations, while lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and other inorganic constituents were generally within permissible limits. WQI analysis classified groundwater in Osisioma as poor (WQI = 78.29) and groundwater in Aba North as unsuitable for drinking (WQI = 448.68), primarily due to acidity and elevated iron levels. The study concludes that groundwater quality in Aba Metropolis is significantly compromised and requires urgent management interventions, routine monitoring, and appropriate treatment before domestic consumption."},{"id":103,"slug":"distribution-and-levels-of-contaminants-of-emerging-concern-in-surface-water-of-imo-river-nigeria-a-non-targeted-analysis","title":"Distribution and Levels of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Surface Water of Imo River, Nigeria: A Non-Targeted Analysis.","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/distribution-and-levels-of-contaminants-of-emerging-concern-in-surface-water-of-imo-river-nigeria-a-non-targeted-analysis","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/emps.2025.217088","published_at":"2025-12-19T17:55:26+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Studies","authors":["Humphrey–Ebenezer Jane N","Nwakanma , C.","Nzegbule, E. C."],"abstract":"This is an assessment of the distribution and\r\n\r\nlevels of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in the surface water of Imo\r\n\r\nRiver, Nigeria using the non-target approach. Three (3) locations -  Ekenobizi (Imo State), Owerrinta (Abia State)\r\n\r\nand Oyigbo (Rivers State) along the \r\n\r\nriver were sampled based on high human density with much anthropogenic\r\n\r\nactivities. Surface water samples were collected from upstream, midstream and\r\n\r\ndownstream of each of the locations using the grab sampling method and taken to\r\n\r\nthe laboratory for analysis within three hours after sampling. A non- targeted\r\n\r\nscreening was done using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after\r\n\r\npreparation of the samples. The results showed contamination of the river with\r\n\r\neighty – five (85) unique CECs distributed as follows; 21 CECs at Ekenobizi\r\n\r\naxis, 27 CECs at Owerrinta axis and 40 CECs at Oyigbo axis. Some of the CECs\r\n\r\nwere location specific while some were detected across the three sampling\r\n\r\npoints and locations. Among the detected compounds were siloxanes, fatty acids,\r\n\r\namines, alkanes/alkenes, fluorinated organic compounds, Nitrogenous based\r\n\r\ncompounds and other organic chemicals. These chemicals are traceable to\r\n\r\npharmaceutical and personal care products, agro-chemicals, and other industrial\r\n\r\nchemicals and they exhibit varying degrees of ecological risks. "},{"id":101,"slug":"prevailing-physicochemical-properties-of-soil-defined-by-vegetation-types-and-depth","title":"Prevailing Physicochemical Properties of Soil Defined by Vegetation Types and Depth","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/prevailing-physicochemical-properties-of-soil-defined-by-vegetation-types-and-depth","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/ehs.2025.21102110","published_at":"2025-12-19T00:01:58+00:00","discipline":"Life Sciences","journal":"Eco-Health and Sustainability","authors":["Egbe Victor N","Stanley, H. O.","Osu, C. I."],"abstract":"This study investigated the prevailing physicochemical properties of soils as influenced by vegetation types and depth, with emphasis on forest and farmland ecosystems in Port Harcourt and Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria. Baseline physicochemical and microbial characteristics of soil samples were assessed to establish variations attributable to land use and vegetation cover. Soil samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, total organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and selected heavy metals (Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Chromium, Arsenic, Cobalt, and Copper). In addition, baseline microbial characteristics, including total heterotrophic bacteria and total fungi counts, were determined using standard microbiological methods. The results revealed significant variations in physicochemical properties across vegetation types and locations. Soil pH ranged from slightly acidic to alkaline in both forest and farmland soils, reflecting differences in organic matter input and land-use practices. Forest soils generally exhibited higher total organic carbon and lower bulk density (0.7–1.1 kg/m³), while farmland soils recorded higher bulk density values (1.2–1.6 kg/m³), likely due to cultivation and compaction effects. Heavy metal analysis indicated the presence of all tested metals; however, their concentrations were low and below the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) target limits, suggesting minimal contamination. Microbial analysis showed higher total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts in forest soils compared to farmland soils, indicating better microbial activity and soil health under natural vegetation. Variations in bacterial cultural morphology and fungal characteristics further reflected the influence of vegetation type and soil conditions on microbial diversity. Overall, the study demonstrates that vegetation type and land use significantly influence the physicochemical and microbial properties of soils, providing valuable baseline data for soil quality assessment, environmental monitoring, and sustainable land management practices in the study area."},{"id":100,"slug":"a-rationale-for-a-polycentric-national-digital-registry-for-informal-waste-recovery-pickers-in-a-circular-economy","title":"A Rationale for a Polycentric National Digital Registry for Informal Waste Recovery Pickers in a Circular Economy","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/a-rationale-for-a-polycentric-national-digital-registry-for-informal-waste-recovery-pickers-in-a-circular-economy","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/ehs.2025.2193101","published_at":"2025-12-11T00:16:04+00:00","discipline":"Life Sciences","journal":"Eco-Health and Sustainability","authors":["Ukemezia D. O.","Woke, G. N","Edwin-Wosu, N. L."],"abstract":"Informal\r\n\r\nwaste pickers are indispensable to material recovery and circular economy (CE)\r\n\r\noutcomes in Nigerian cities, yet they remain structurally invisible in official\r\n\r\ndata systems, social protection schemes, and climate-governance frameworks.\r\n\r\nDrawing on doctoral research conducted in six high-intensity waste zones in\r\n\r\nLagos and Abuja (n = 500 waste pickers, complemented by FGDs and KIIs), this\r\n\r\narticle develops a policy-oriented rationale for a polycentric national digital\r\n\r\nregistry for informal waste recovery pickers in Nigeria. The empirical evidence\r\n\r\nconfirms that waste pickers contribute significantly to waste diversion,\r\n\r\nrecycling and climate mitigation, while experiencing extreme socio-economic\r\n\r\nprecarity, occupational health risks and systematic exclusion from municipal\r\n\r\ndatabases and digital platforms (e.g., EPR traceability systems, mobile\r\n\r\npayments). Existing digital initiatives in the Nigerian waste sector tend to\r\n\r\nprioritize aggregators and formal contractors, thereby deepening the “data\r\n\r\ninjustice”—the erasure or instrumentalization of marginalized groups within\r\n\r\ndigital economies. Against this backdrop, the article argues that a\r\n\r\ncentralized, top-down registry would be ill-suited to the fragmented,\r\n\r\nmulti-actor nature of Nigeria’s waste and climate governance landscape.\r\n\r\nInstead, it proposes a polycentric digital registry architecture anchored in\r\n\r\nElinor Ostrom’s theory of polycentric governance and collective action, where\r\n\r\nmultiple centers of authority—national agencies, state waste authorities,\r\n\r\nmunicipalities, cooperatives, producer responsibility organizations and\r\n\r\ncivil-society partners—co-produce, steward and use registry data under shared\r\n\r\nrules. It concludes that a polycentric national digital registry is not merely\r\n\r\na technical tool, but a governance reform capable of transforming informal\r\n\r\nwaste pickers from “uncounted labour” into recognized partners in Nigeria’s\r\n\r\ncircular economy, NDC implementation and just-transition agenda."},{"id":99,"slug":"personal-traits-and-driver-characteristics-of-heavy-goods-vehicle-drivers-along-onne-port-axis-rivers-state-nigeria","title":"Personal traits and driver characteristics of heavy-goods vehicle drivers along Onne Port axis, Rivers State, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/personal-traits-and-driver-characteristics-of-heavy-goods-vehicle-drivers-along-onne-port-axis-rivers-state-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/tsl.2025.215863","published_at":"2025-12-11T00:12:40+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Transportation System and Logistics","authors":["Wokoma N. O."],"abstract":"The study examined the relationship between risk perception and driver’ characteristics among haulage companies’ drivers in River State, Nigeria. A total of 210 copies of questionnaire was administered among 20 haulage companies and the retrieved questionnaire were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency counts, percentage and spearman rank. On the drivers’ characteristics, the outcome showed that respondents driving haulage vehicles in the last 6-10years (62.9%), driving 13-16hrs (67.6%) in one trip (86.2%). From the analysis, it was revealed that majority of the respondents disagreed with various risk perceptions such as skills required for handling haulage vehicle is not different to that of other vehicles (91.9%) and anyone with driving experience can handle haulage vehicle (86.7%). The Spearman Rank analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between risk perception index and years of driving haulage vehicle (where p-value > 0.05, p= 0.069), duration of driving for current company (where p-value > 0.05, p= 0.488) and numbers of hours driving daily (where p-value > 0.05, p= 0.094). However, the analysis showed a significant relationship between risk perception index and number of trips per day (where p-value < 0.05, p=0.000). The correlation coefficient (r) of the relationship between risk perception and drivers’ characteristics were weak and negative (where r = -0.126, -0.048, -0.117 and -0.374 respectively). It was concluded that drivers of the haulage showed positive risk perceptions towards the safety and handling activities related to haulage activities and the way these drivers perceived risk in their activities can influence their driving behaviour."},{"id":98,"slug":"cyber-security-measures-and-operational-efficiency-of-seaports-in-eastern-nigeria","title":"Cyber Security Measures and Operational Efficiency of Seaports in Eastern Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/cyber-security-measures-and-operational-efficiency-of-seaports-in-eastern-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/tsl.2025.214957","published_at":"2025-12-11T00:08:48+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Transportation System and Logistics","authors":["Nkitma A.N.","Wizor, C. H."],"abstract":"This study\r\n\r\nexamined the relationship between cybersecurity measures and operational\r\n\r\nefficiency in the Eastern Nigeria seaports. The study adopted an explanatory\r\n\r\nresearch design; and surveyed one hundred and twenty respondents of 4 seaports\r\n\r\nin Eastern Nigeria. However, 114 copies were considered fit for the study. The\r\n\r\nPearson Product Moment correlation was used to analyze data retrieved from\r\n\r\nrespondents. The results indicate that cybersecurity measures have a very\r\n\r\nstrong positive and significant relationship with the measures of operational\r\n\r\nefficiency (cargo dwell time, ship turnaround time and cargo throughput) in the\r\n\r\nEastern Nigeria seaports. Therefore, we concluded that the seaports in Eastern\r\n\r\nNigeria should adopt cybersecurity measures in order to maintain operational\r\n\r\nefficiency in the long run. It was recommended that ports managers and\r\n\r\nstakeholders should implement comprehensive cyber defense strategies, including\r\n\r\nregular vulnerability assessments, data encryption, and real-time monitoring of\r\n\r\nnetworks in order to achieve operational efficiency in terms of cargo dwell\r\n\r\ntime, ship turnaround time and cargo throughout."},{"id":97,"slug":"adoption-of-emerging-technologies-for-operational-efficiency-in-the-logistics-management-of-the-nigerian-navy","title":"Adoption of Emerging Technologies for Operational Efficiency in the Logistics Management of the Nigerian Navy","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/adoption-of-emerging-technologies-for-operational-efficiency-in-the-logistics-management-of-the-nigerian-navy","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/tsl.2025.214348","published_at":"2025-12-11T00:05:33+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Transportation System and Logistics","authors":["Akpabi O. O.","Wizor, C. H."],"abstract":"The primary purpose of every nation is\r\n\r\nthe protection of national interests and the wellbeing of the people, which includes\r\n\r\nsafeguarding the territorial integrity through naval operations. Over the\r\n\r\nyears, these responsibilities have been significantly influenced by\r\n\r\ntechnological advancements, which have improved naval capabilities in various\r\n\r\nways. For instance, the integration of surveillance systems, satellite\r\n\r\ncommunications, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Unmanned Surface\r\n\r\nVehicles (USVs), Hypersonic Weapons, Advanced Propulsion Systems and cyber\r\n\r\ndefence mechanisms have revolutionised naval operations. These technological\r\n\r\nadvancements provide real-time intelligence, enhance communication capabilities\r\n\r\nand offer more efficient logistical support, all of which contribute to a more\r\n\r\neffective maritime defence strategy (Naval Research Laboratory, 2020). The\r\n\r\nsuccess of naval operations relies heavily on the integration of these emerging\r\n\r\ntechnologies and advanced logistics management."},{"id":96,"slug":"effectiveness-of-naval-operations-on-sea-pirates-in-nigerian-maritime-environment","title":"Effectiveness of Naval Operations on Sea Pirates in Nigerian Maritime Environment","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/effectiveness-of-naval-operations-on-sea-pirates-in-nigerian-maritime-environment","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/tsl.2025.213842","published_at":"2025-12-11T00:02:40+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Transportation System and Logistics","authors":["Egbe I. L.","Wizor, C. H."],"abstract":"This\r\n\r\nstudy examined stakeholder perceptions of the effectiveness of Nigerian Navy\r\n\r\noperations in combating sea piracy in the Nigerian maritime environment. Data\r\n\r\nwere collected through a structured survey assessing four key areas: naval\r\n\r\npatrol deterrence, surveillance technology effectiveness, reduction of piracy\r\n\r\nincidents along shipping routes, and responsiveness in piracy intervention.\r\n\r\nResults indicated overwhelmingly positive perceptions, with mean scores ranging\r\n\r\nfrom 3.56 to 3.59. Specifically, stakeholders strongly agreed that naval patrols\r\n\r\nand surveillance technologies enhance early detection and deter pirate\r\n\r\nactivities, while rapid naval responsiveness significantly strengthens piracy\r\n\r\nintervention efforts. The findings highlight the critical role of an integrated\r\n\r\napproach combining visibility, technology, and timely operational response in\r\n\r\nmaintaining maritime security. These insights provide empirical support for\r\n\r\ncontinued investment in naval capacity and technological enhancement to\r\n\r\nmitigate piracy risks in Nigerian waters."},{"id":95,"slug":"assessing-the-extent-of-information-and-communication-technology-adoption-among-car-haulage-operators-in-nigeria","title":"Assessing the Extent of Information and Communication Technology Adoption Among Car-Haulage Operators in Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/assessing-the-extent-of-information-and-communication-technology-adoption-among-car-haulage-operators-in-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/tsl.2025.213137","published_at":"2025-12-10T23:59:58+00:00","discipline":"Social Sciences","journal":"Transportation System and Logistics","authors":["Debo James","Wizor, C. H."],"abstract":"This\r\n\r\nstudy examines the extent of Information and\r\n\r\nCommunication Technology (ICT) adoption among car-haulage firms in Nigeria\r\n\r\nusing descriptive statistical analysis. The findings indicate a moderate to\r\n\r\nhigh level of ICT adoption, with a composite mean score of 3.81 (SD = 0.95),\r\n\r\nsuggesting that digital tools are becoming increasingly embedded in haulage\r\n\r\noperations. GPS tracking systems recorded the highest adoption level (M =\r\n\r\n4.10), underscoring the sector’s prioritization of real-time vehicle\r\n\r\nmonitoring, route optimization, and cargo security. Conversely, the use of data\r\n\r\nanalytics and reporting tools exhibited the lowest adoption mean (M = 3.45),\r\n\r\nreflecting their technical complexity, high implementation costs, and shortage\r\n\r\nof data-skilled personnel. Moderate adoption of electronic documentation (M =\r\n\r\n3.85) and fleet management software (M = 3.70) further indicates incremental\r\n\r\nprogress toward digitalization, although system integration remains weak across\r\n\r\nthe sector. Additionally, internet-based customer communication tools (M =\r\n\r\n3.95) were widely used. Overall, the study reveals a sector in transition,\r\n\r\nexhibiting substantial uptake of essential ICT tools but limited utilization of\r\n\r\nadvanced, integrated digital platforms. These findings underscore the need for\r\n\r\ntargeted capacity building, investment in digital infrastructure, and policy\r\n\r\nsupport to drive comprehensive ICT integration within Nigeria’s car-haulage\r\n\r\nindustry."},{"id":94,"slug":"assessment-of-man-biting-rate-and-gonotrophic-cycle-of-mosquitoes-in-orashi-region-of-rivers-state-nigeria","title":"Assessment of Man-Biting Rate and Gonotrophic Cycle of Mosquitoes in Orashi Region of Rivers State, Nigeria","url":"https://cartcarl.com/paper/assessment-of-man-biting-rate-and-gonotrophic-cycle-of-mosquitoes-in-orashi-region-of-rivers-state-nigeria","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70726/cph.2025.210110","published_at":"2025-12-06T21:31:23+00:00","discipline":"Life Sciences","journal":"Carl Public Health","authors":["Wisdom U. G.","Oghanri,  S. U","Iwuorie, C. G."],"abstract":"This\r\n\r\nstudy assessed the temporal and spatial dynamics of mosquito biting activity\r\n\r\nand gonotrophic behaviour across selected communities in the Orashi Region of\r\n\r\nRivers State, Nigeria. A total of 1,768 mosquitoes comprising key vector genera\r\n\r\nwere analysed to determine monthly variations in the Man-Biting Rate (MBR), the\r\n\r\ngonotrophic cycle of Anopheles species, and spatial biting pressure across five\r\n\r\ncommunities. Monthly trends showed pronounced seasonal fluctuations, with the\r\n\r\nhighest MBR recorded in April (386) and March (368), classified as Very High,\r\n\r\nreflecting optimal breeding conditions during the late dry to early rainy\r\n\r\ntransitional period. High biting rates also occurred in September (358) and\r\n\r\nOctober (343), corresponding to early rainy season abundance. Moderate and low\r\n\r\nbiting activity in November (222) and December (118), respectively, indicated\r\n\r\nreduced breeding associated with declining rainfall and the onset of the dry\r\n\r\nseason. Analysis of the Anopheles population revealed corresponding shifts in\r\n\r\ngonotrophic activity. Spatial assessment demonstrated substantial\r\n\r\ncommunity-level variation in biting pressure. Ahoada recorded the highest\r\n\r\noverall mosquito density (600), indicating Very High biting pressure, followed\r\n\r\nby Erema (536) and Oboburu (517). Spatial distribution of malaria vectors\r\n\r\nshowed a similar pattern, with Anopheles abundance highest in Ahoada (191),\r\n\r\nsuggesting elevated malaria transmission risk. Culex distribution indicated\r\n\r\nhighest densities in Erema (241) and Ahoada (235), highlighting significant\r\n\r\nnuisance biting and potential filariasis risk. Aedes populations were\r\n\r\ncomparatively low, with Omoku (17) showing slightly elevated arboviral risk.\r\n\r\nConclusively, the findings demonstrate that mosquito abundance, biting rates,\r\n\r\nand reproductive activity exhibit strong seasonal patterns and spatial\r\n\r\nheterogeneity across communities."}]}